Voice Change

Subject + Verb + Object → Object + be + V3 + by + Subject

Active sentence-এর object passive-এ subject হয়ে যায়, verb হয় be+V3, আর মূল subject 'by'-এর পরে বসে।

• Active: He wrote a letter. → Passive: A letter was written by him.

Present Indefinite: am/is/are + V3 · Present Continuous: am/is/are + being + V3

Present Indefinite active-এর passive-এ am/is/are+V3; Present Continuous-এর passive-এ am/is/are+being+V3।

• He writes a letter. → A letter is written by him.

• He is writing a letter. → A letter is being written by him.

Past Indefinite: was/were + V3 · Past Continuous: was/were + being + V3

Past Indefinite-এর passive-এ was/were+V3; Past Continuous-এর passive-এ was/were+being+V3।

• He wrote a letter. → A letter was written by him.

• He was writing a letter. → A letter was being written by him.

Present Perfect: has/have + been + V3 · Past Perfect: had + been + V3

Perfect tense-এর passive-এ been যোগ হয় be-verb-এর পরে।

• He has written a letter. → A letter has been written by him.

• He had written a letter. → A letter had been written by him.

will/shall + be + V3

Future Indefinite-এর passive-এ will/shall+be+V3।

• He will write a letter. → A letter will be written by him.

modal (can/could/may/might/must/should) + be + V3

Modal verb থাকলে passive-এ modal+be+V3 হয়, modal অপরিবর্তিত থাকে।

• He can do the work. → The work can be done by him.

• You must obey the rules. → The rules must be obeyed (by you).

Let + object + be + V3

আদেশসূচক বাক্যের passive-এ 'Let'+object+be+V3 ব্যবহার হয়।

• Open the door. → Let the door be opened.

• Do the work. → Let the work be done.

You are requested to + V1

অনুরোধসূচক আদেশের (Please...) passive-এ 'You are requested to' ব্যবহার হয়।

• Please help me. → You are requested to help me.

Aux + Subject + Object...? → Aux + Object + be + V3 + by + Subject?

Yes/No প্রশ্নের passive-এ auxiliary verb শুরুতেই থাকে, object subject-এর জায়গায় চলে আসে।

• Does he write a letter? → Is a letter written by him?

• Did he write a letter? → Was a letter written by him?

wh-word + aux + object + be + V3 + by + subject?

Wh-word (কী/কে/কোথায়) অবস্থান অনুযায়ী প্রশ্নের শুরুতেই থাকে, বাকি অংশ passive-এর নিয়মে বদলায়।

• What did he write? → What was written by him?

• Who wrote the letter? → By whom was the letter written?

⚠️ 'Who' প্রশ্নে subject-ই object হয়ে যায়, তাই passive-এ 'By whom' ব্যবহার করতে হয়

Indirect object বা Direct object — যেকোনো একটাকে subject বানানো যায়

যে verb-এর পরে দুটো object থাকে (indirect+direct), তাদের যেকোনো একটাকে passive-এ subject করা যায়।

• He gave me a book. → I was given a book (by him). / A book was given to me (by him).

কর্তা অজানা/অপ্রাসঙ্গিক/সাধারণ (people/we/they/one) হলে by-phrase বাদ

Active sentence-এর subject যদি অস্পষ্ট বা সাধারণভাবে মানুষ বোঝায় (people, we, they, someone), তাহলে passive-এ 'by' phrase বাদ দেওয়াই স্বাভাবিক।

• People speak English all over the world. → English is spoken all over the world.

• They say that honesty is the best policy. → It is said that honesty is the best policy.

Subject + reporting verb + that-clause → It + be + V3 + that-clause

'লোকে বলে/মনে করে যে' জাতীয় বাক্যের passive-এ 'It is said/believed/thought that' গঠন ব্যবহার হয়।

• People say that he is honest. → It is said that he is honest.

• They believe that the earth is round. → It is believed that the earth is round.

have (আছে অর্থে), resemble, suit, fit, lack, become, want (প্রয়োজন) — সাধারণত passive হয় না

কিছু verb (state/possession বোঝায়) সাধারণত passive-এ ব্যবহার হয় না।

• He has a car. (Passive হবে না: A car is had by him ❌)

• She resembles her mother. (Passive নেই)

laughed at, taken care of, looked after — preposition verb-এর সাথেই থাকে

Phrasal/prepositional verb-এর passive-এ preposition-টা verb-এর পরেই থেকে যায়, subject-এর আগে না।

• They laughed at him. → He was laughed at (by them).

• She takes care of the baby. → The baby is taken care of (by her).